What is Apache HBase?

Apache Hbase is a popular and highly efficient Column-oriented NoSQL database built on top of Hadoop Distributed File System that allows performing read/write operations on large datasets in real time using Key/Value data.

Introduction to Apache Hbase

Apache HBase is an Apache Hadoop project and Open Source, non-relational distributed Hadoop database that had its genesis in the Google’s Bigtable. The programming language of HBase is Java. Today it is an integral part of the Apache Software Foundation and the Hadoop ecosystem. It is a high availability database that exclusively runs on top of the HDFS and provides the Capabilities of Google Bigtable for the Hadoop framework for storing huge volumes of unstructured data at breakneck speeds in order to derive valuable insights from it.

It has an extremely fault-tolerant way of storing data and is extremely good for storing sparse data. Sparse data is something like looking for a needle in a haystack. A real-life example of sparse data would be like looking for someone who has spent over $100,000 dollars in a single transaction on Amazon among the tens of millions of transactions that happen on any given week.

The Architecture of Apache HBase

The Apache HBase carries all the features of the original Google Bigtable paper like the Bloom filters, in-memory operations and compression. The tables of this database can serve as the input for MapReduce jobs on the Hadoop ecosystem and it can also serve as output after the data is processed by MapReduce. The data can be accessed via the Java API or through the REST API or even the Thrift and AVRO gateways.

What HBase is that it is basically a column-oriented key-value data store and the since it works extremely fine with the kind of data that Hadoop process it is natural fit for deploying as a top layer on HDFS. It is extremely fast when it comes to both read and write operations and does not lose this extremely important quality even when the datasets are humongous. Therefore it is being widely used by corporations for its high throughput and low input/output latency. It cannot work as a replacement for the SQL database but it is perfectly possible to have an SQL layer on top of HBase to integrate it with the various business intelligence and analytics tools.

As it is obvious that HBase does not support SQL scripting but the same is written in Java like what we do for a MapReduce application.

Learn more in this comprehensive HBase Tutorial NOW!

Why should you use the HBase technology?

HBase is one of the core components of the Hadoop ecosystem along with the other two being HDFS and MapReduce. As part of the Hortonworks Data Platform the Apache Hadoop ecosystem is available as a highly secure, enterprise ready big data framework. It is being regularly deployed by some of the biggest companies like Facebook messaging system and so on. Some of the salient features of HBase that makes it one of the most sought after message storing system is as follows:

• It has a completely distributed architecture and can work on extremely large scale data
• It works for extremely random read and write operations
• It has high security and easy management of data
• It provides an unprecedented high write throughput
• Scaling to meet additional requirements is seamless and quick
• Can be used for both structured and semi-structured data types
• It is good when you don’t need full RDBMS capabilities
• It has a perfectly modular and linear scalability feature
• The data reads and writes are strictly consistent
• The table sharding can be easily configured and automatized
• The various servers are provided automatic failover support
• The MapReduce jobs can be backed with HBase Tables
• Client access is seamless with Java APIs.

What is the scope of Apache HBase?

One of the most important features of HBase is that it can handle data sets which number in billions of rows and millions of columns. It can extremely well combine the various data sources that are coming from a wide variety of types, structures, and schemas. The best part is that it can be integrated natively with Hadoop in order to provide a seamless fit. It also works extremely well with YARN. HBase provides very low latency access over fast-changing and humungous amounts of data.

Why do we need this technology and what is the problem that it is solving?

HBase is a very progressive NoSQL database that is seeing increased use in today’s world that is overwhelmed with Big Data. It has a very simple Java programming root which can be deployed for scaling HBase on a big scale. There are a lot of business scenarios wherein we are exclusively working with sparse data which is to look for a handful of data fields matching certain criteria within data fields that are numbering in the billions. It is extremely fault-tolerant and resilient and can work on multiple types of data making it useful for varied business scenarios.

It is a column-oriented table making it very easy to look for the right data among billions of data fields. You can easily share the data into tables with the right configuration and automatization. HBase is perfectly suited for analytical processing of data. Since analytical processing has huge amounts of data required it causes queries to exceed the limit that is possible on a single server. This is when the distributed storage comes into the picture.

There is also a need for handling large amounts of reads and writes which is just not possible using an RDBMS database and so HBase is the perfect candidate for such applications. The read/write capacity of this technology can be scaled to even millions/second giving it an unprecedented advantage.  Facebook uses it extensively for real-time messaging applications and Pinterest uses for multiple tasks running up to 5 million operations per second.

Source: What is Apache Hbase? Introduction to Apache Hbase Architecture